Three-dimensional simulations of fluid flow around a curved tube with circular section

In order to decrease the fluid dynamic forces of the U-bent tube with a circular section and avoid the occurrence of fluid-structure interaction problems, three-dimensional simulations of fluid flows around the tubes are carried out. In the case that the axis of the curved tube with the circular section is prevented from being normal to the direction of the flows approaching the tube, the formation of the Karman vortex behind the tube is interrupted. As a result, the fluid dynamic forces acting on the curved tube can be reduced.